Reference protocol
✦ Trained Level
GUIDELINES — TRAINED GENERAL PUBLIC
Version May 20, 2022
TYPE OF SITUATION — MEDICAL
Is the scene safe?
Withdraw and contact
the relevant authorities
the relevant authorities
NO
YES
LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS
A
ALERT(Alert)
V
VERBAL(Verbal stimuli)
P
PAIN(Painful stimuli)
U
UNRESPONSIVE(Unresponsive)
Leave the victim
in a position of comfort
in a position of comfort
APPLY
THE INDICATED MEDICAL PROTOCOL
THE INDICATED MEDICAL PROTOCOL
Airway obstruction
Is the victim
able to cough?
able to cough?
YES
Encourage
the victim to cough
the victim to cough
No longer able to cough
(complete obstruction)
(complete obstruction)
Heimlich
maneuver
maneuver
NO
Complete obstruction
→ Heimlich maneuver
→ Heimlich maneuver
The victim becomes unresponsive ↓
AIRWAY CLEARANCE
PROTOCOL
PROTOCOL
Place the victim in
recovery position
recovery position
Frequently reassess
breathing
breathing
CPR Ratio — Reference
Adult
30:2
30:2
Inf./Child
15:2 ×2
15:2 ×2
100–120 compressions/min
Repeat until emergency services arrive
Repeat until emergency services arrive
✦ Difference — Trained LevelThe trained rescuer must always open the airway (head tilt) before assessing breathing on an unresponsive victim, unlike the untrained general public.
Turn the victim onto their back
✦ TRAINED LEVEL
Open the airway
by tilting slightly
the head backward
by tilting slightly
the head backward
If the victim is breathing
If the victim is not breathing
Recovery
position
position
Reassess
frequently
frequently
Apply CPR
C — Chest compressions
A — Airway opening
B — Perform rescue breaths